One of the many schisms in economics is between economists – new and old – who believe that prices are set by supply and demand, and economists – also new and old – who believe they are set by a mark-up on the cost of production.
The former argument is the overwhelming favourite today, but two centuries ago, it was the minority view. Though modern ‘neoclassical’ economists are wont to claim Adam Smith as one of their own, he disowned their preferred ‘supply and demand’ pricing model to argue that products exchange at prices that are related to their relative costs of production.
Read more: http://www.businessspectator.com.au/article/2013/5/20/economy/seductive-super-models-supply-and-demand#ixzz2UW9uTCoF